中考是检验初中三年学习成果的考试,要想在中考崭露头角,初中三年得打好基础。英语单词、句式繁多,更要在平时多用时间来复习总结。今天伊顿教育小编跟大家分享的是定语从句的语法聚焦。更多教育资讯与辅导资料,欢迎关注伊顿教育网站初中英语栏目。
九.定语从句
I.定语从句起了形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用,二是在从句中担当一个成分,并与先行词保持数的一致。
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II. that与which, who, whom的用法区别:
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III. as与which的区别:
IV. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:
I.定语从句起了形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用,二是在从句中担当一个成分,并与先行词保持数的一致。
关系词 | 先行词 | 从句成分 | 例句 | 备注 | |
关系代词 | who | 人 | 主语 | Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? | whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用that |
whom | 人 | 宾语 |
Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.. |
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whose | 人,物 | 定语 |
I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. |
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that | 人,物 | 主语,宾语 |
A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. |
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which | 物 | 主语,宾语 |
The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. |
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as | 人,物 | 主语,宾语 |
He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. |
as做宾语一般不省略 | |
关系副词 | when | 时间 | 时间状语 | I will never forget the day when we met there. | 可用on which |
where | 地点 | 地点状语 | This is the house where I was born. | 可用in which | |
why | 原因 | 原因状语 | I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. | 可用for which |
II. that与which, who, whom的用法区别:
情况 | 用法说明 | 例句 |
只用that的情况 |
1. 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。 2. 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时 3. 先行词有形容词较高级和序数词修饰时 4. 先行词既指人又指物时 5. 先行词被the only, the very修饰时 6. 句中已经有who或which时,为了避免重复时 |
1.He told me everything that he knows. 2.All the books that you offered has been given out. 3.This is the best film that I have ever read. 4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered. 5.He is the only man that I want to see. 6.Who is the man that is making a speech? |
只用which, who, whom的情况 |
1. 在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人 2. 在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能用which指物,whom指人。 3. 先行词本身是that时,关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。 |
He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study. I like the person to whom the teacher is talking. Those who respect others are usually respected by others. |
III. as与which的区别:
定语从句 | 区别 | 例句 |
限制性定语从句中 | 名词前有such和the same修饰时,关系代词用as,不能用which |
He is not such a fool as he looks. Don’t read such books as you can’t understand. |
非限制性定语从句中 | as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如,象”的含义,并可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as;而which引导的从句只能放主句后,并无“正如”的意思。 |
They won the game, as we had expected. They won the game, which we hadn’t expected. As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s. |
IV. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:
类别 | 语法意义及特征 | 例句 |
限制性定语从句 | 对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明确,这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开。 | The accident happened at the time when I left. |
非限制性定语从句 | 对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不十分密切,较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开,相当于一个插入语,不能用that引导,关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。 | His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago. |