很多同学都觉得高中英语较难学的是英语语法,这是因为,高中英语语法不仅知识点多,还很复杂。那么,高中英语语法有哪些?高中英语语法应该怎么学?学好英语语法才是英语考的关键,今天成都一对一辅导小编为同学们搜集整理了高中英语语法和学习方法,希望能够帮助到同学们。
英语是一门逐渐发展演变的语言,早在远古时期,英语的结构其实只有以下这两种,即简单句的原始结构,即:主+谓+宾结构 ;主+系+表结构。
1、主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。在原始的简单句中,主语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词表示。例如:
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)We often speak English in class.(代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
2、谓语(动词):谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:
1.简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.
2.复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caughta bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.
在英语中一个简单句只能有一个谓语动词,而且,我们平时学习的时态是针对谓语动词来说。如果以do为例,do, did ,have done, will do, had done, is/am/are doing, was/were doing, would do。在简单句中,谓语动词和主语是句子的,是不可以随意删掉的。
3、宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:
They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.(代词)How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)
4、表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词。
Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)Is it yours?(代词)The weather has turned cold.(形容词)
The speech is exciting.(分词)
Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)
在简单句中,只要满足上面两种结构,就可以把一件简单的事说清楚,但随着英语的逐渐演变,又演变出两种新的成分,可以对句子进行修饰和补充,我们称之为定语和状语。
1、定语:修饰名词或代词的词为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:(在汉语里,定语可以翻译成…的)Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词)His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词)
2、状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。
状语在高中是一个相对抽象的概念,在简单句中状语一般由副词充当,修饰动词和形容词为主,除此之外,介词短语在简单句中也喜欢扮演状语的作用,这个语法点主要存在于我们的语法填空和短文改错中。
随着英语的逐渐演变,在某些简单句中,相对应的句子成分不能用单词进行描述。
主(多喝水)+ is great for your health.
I love 宾(踢足球).
My hobby is 表(玩电脑游戏).
I has bought a book(王先生写的)等等。
其实不管句子多么复杂,它都是由简单句演变过来的。所以同学们不必太紧张。
以上就是高中英语语法和学习方法,由成都一对一辅导小编搜集整理。